Jurisprudencia CSJ

ACIÉN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD: "PROMOVIDA POR EMANUEL COHENE FLORENTIN C/ ART. 41º DE LA LEY N° 2856 /06, PARCIALMENTE MODIFICADO POR LEY 4773/12". AÑO: 2020 - N° 1231. ACUERDO Y SENTENCIA NÚMERO: Cuatrocientos cuarenta y siete. En la Ciudad de Asunción, Capital de la República del Paraguay, a los trescientos días, del mes de j ulio, del año dos mil veintiuno, estando en la Sala de Acuerdos de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, los Excmos. Señores Ministros de la Sala Constitucional, Doctores: CESAR MANUEL DIESEL JUNGHANNS, GLADY S BARRETO DE MÓDICA y ANTONIO FRETES, Ante mi, el Secretario autorizante, se trajo al acuerdo el exp ediente caratulado: ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD: "PROMOVIDA POR EMANUEL COHENE FLORENTIN C/ ART. 41º DE LA LEY N° 2856/06, PARCIALMENTE MODIFICADO POR LEY 4773/12", a fin de resolver la Acción de i nconstitucionalidad promovida por el Abogado Héctor Montenegro, en nombre y representación del señor Emanuel Cohene Florentin. Previo estudio de los antecedentes del caso, la Corte Suprema de Justicia, Sala Constitucional, reso lvió plantear y votar la siguiente: **CUESTION:** ¿Es procedente la Acción de inconstitucionalidad deducida? A la cuestión planteada el Doctor DIESEL JUNGHANNS dijo: El Abogado Héctor Montenegro, en nombre y r epresentación del señor Emanuel Cohene Florentin, promueve Acción de Inconstitucionalidad contra el artículo 41º de la Ley 2856/06 "QUE SUSTITUYE LAS LEYES N° 73.91 Y 1802.01 DE LA CAJA DE JUBILACIONE S Y PENSIONES DE EMPLEADOS BANCARIOS DEL PARAGUAY". Refiere que el artículo impugnado por medio de esta acción de inconstitucionalidad transgrede no sol o los derechos adquiridos, sino también viola el principio de Igualdad consagrado en los Arts. 46º y 47º de la Constitución Nacional, colisionando al mismo tiempo con el artículo 109º del mismo cuerpo legal. La disposición considerada agravante expresa cuanto sigue: "Corresponderá la devolución de sus aport es a los funcionarios que cuenten con una antigüedad superior a los diez años y no tengan derecho a la jubilación que hayan despedidos, cesantes o que se retiren voluntariamente de las entidades donde prestan servicios. La Caja podrá optar por la aplicación del citado monto a la amortización o cance lación de su obligación". No serán susceptibles de devolución los aportes patrimoniales. El derecho a solicitar la devolución de aportes prescribirá después de tres años del retiro del trab ajador de su trabajo, salvo que el mismo tenga debida con la Caja en cuyo caso los aportes serán apl icados a la amortización o cancelación de su obligación". Sostiene la accionante que los requisitos establecidos por la disposición que impugna le provan de a cceder al retiro de sus aportes, circunstancia que vulnera los principios de protección a la Propied ad Privada y de Igualdad consagrados de manera expresa en la Constitución Nacional. De las constanci as presentadas en autos, se verifica que la parte accionante era portante de la Caja de Jubilaciones y Pensiones de Empleados de Bancos y Afinés por los servicios prestados durante el tiempo en que se desempeñó como funcionario de un Banco de plaza. Examinada la norma atacada de inconstitucional, tenemos que esta establece dos requisitos a los efec tos de conceder el derecho a la devolución de los aportes realizados por parte de los trabajadores p ortantes a la Caja. En primer lugar, se establece la antigüedad mínima de diez años y, en segundo lu gar, se debe tratar de funcionarios que no tengan derecho a la jubilación o, que hayan despedidos o cesantes o que se retiren voluntariamente. Tal y como lo ha relatado la parte accionante, el mismo no reúne las exigencias establecidas en la n orma impugnada a los efectos de acceder al retiro de los aportes que realizara durante su gestión en una entidad bancaria, extremo que señala como inconstitucional por conculcar lo preceptuado por el artículo 47º de la Constitución Nacional, el cual expresa: "Artículo 47º - De las garantías de la igualdad - El Estado garantizará a todos los habitantes de la República: 1º la igualdad para el acceso a la justicia; a cuyo efecto eliminarán los obstáculos que la impidiesen. 2º la igualdad ante las leyes 3º la igualdad para el acceso a las funciones públicas no electivas sin más requisitos que la identidad y 4º la igualdad de oportunidades en la participac ión de los beneficiarios de la naturaleza de los bienes materiales y de la cultura". En lo relacionado al marco legal específico, tenemos en la propia Ley atacada la delimitación de la naturaleza jurídica de los aportes realizados a la Caja de Jubilaciones y Pensiones de Empleados Ban carios del Paraguay, expresado por medio de su Título Tercero "Del Patrimonio", Capítulo Primero "De la formación de Recursos", artículo 11º primera parte: "Los fondos y rentas que se obtengan de conf ormidad con las disposiciones de esta Ley son de exclusiva propiedad de los beneficiarios de la Caja ". En este punto, cabe traer a colación la clásica definición de Propiedad de Aubry y Rau: "La propieda d es el derecho de gozar y disponer de una cosa sin más limitaciones que las establecidas en las ley es" (Cabanelas, G. "Diccionario Enciclopédico de Derecho Usual". Editorial Hellista, Buenos Aires - República

Aguirre, José, Ponce AFOI In a case brought by the Attorney General of the Republic to the Superior Court of Justice against t he Government of the Republic of Panama, in respect of the implementation of the National Security L aw of 2019 and its subsequent amendments. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is currently pending before the Superior Court of Justice of Panama. The case involves allegations of violations of human rights by the Government of the Republic of Pan ama in respect of the implementation of the National Security Law of 2019 and its subsequent amendme nts. The case was filed on January 30, 2024, at the request of the Attorney General of the Republic of Pa nama. The case is